{"id":3613,"date":"2021-03-11T11:56:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T11:56:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.neuraxpharm.com\/uk\/?page_id=3613"},"modified":"2026-06-09T07:44:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T07:44:04","slug":"epilepsy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.neuraxpharm.com\/uk\/psychiatric-disorders\/epilepsy\/","title":{"rendered":"Epilepsy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3613\" class=\"elementor elementor-3613\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9dc5b3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9dc5b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7ff69e\" data-id=\"e7ff69e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92a6dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f92a6dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 16px !important;\">This page is intended for members of the public in the UK seeking information on Neuraxpharm UK business<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4da2918 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4da2918\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NXUK\/2025\/01 | March 2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-da99898 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-bottom elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"da99898\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;00936a0&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4809aeb\" data-id=\"4809aeb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae654a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae654a7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;650699a&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-658ee3f elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"658ee3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d603c4\" data-id=\"7d603c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b87b52c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b87b52c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Epilepsy<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc78d8e container elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc78d8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;245babd&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-71d127b left\" data-id=\"71d127b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-cfdb2e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cfdb2e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;87539ac&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}],&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5292301\" data-id=\"5292301\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13315ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"13315ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-chevron-right&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No se ha encontrado ning\\u00fan encabezado en esta p\\u00e1gina.&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIN THIS SECTION\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__13315ee\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-258e639 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"258e639\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n    window.addEventListener('scroll', function() {\n    var footer = document.querySelector('footer');\n    var leftColumn = document.querySelector('.left');\n\n    \/\/ Obtener la distancia desde el top del footer\n    var footerTop = footer.getBoundingClientRect().top;\n    var offset = 20; \/\/ Margen de seguridad opcional\n\n    \/\/ Si el footer est\u00e1 en la vista, haz que la columna izquierda deje de ser sticky\n    if (footerTop <= leftColumn.offsetHeight + offset) {\n        leftColumn.style.position = 'absolute';\n        leftColumn.style.top = (window.scrollY + footerTop - leftColumn.offsetHeight - offset) + 'px';\n    } else {\n        leftColumn.style.position = 'sticky';\n        leftColumn.style.top = '0px';\n    }\n});\n\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3383064 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone middle\" data-id=\"3383064\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f8b8e2 right\" data-id=\"0f8b8e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05714fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"05714fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff86df elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"2ff86df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-breadcrumbs jet-blocks\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-breadcrumbs\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-breadcrumbs__content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"jet-breadcrumbs__wrap\"><div class=\"jet-breadcrumbs__item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.neuraxpharm.com\/uk\/\" class=\"jet-breadcrumbs__item-link is-home\" rel=\"home\" title=\"Neuraxpharm\">Neuraxpharm <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5b50c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5b50c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that can affect people of all ages.\u00a0Read on to learn about the main types of epileptic seizures, how they affect people, and how epilepsy is diagnosed and treated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a8404c no_in_this_section elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a8404c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> What is epilepsy?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add367f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"add367f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epilepsy is a condition that affects the brain. People with epilepsy have a tendency to experience frequent seizures.<\/p><p>Seizures are caused by a disturbance in the brain\u2019s electrical activity, which temporarily affect how it works. This causes a huge range of symptoms, from becoming stiff or staring blankly into space, to uncontrollable shaking or jerking.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5a2172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e5a2172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the main types of epilepsy?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87e934e lista_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87e934e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are many types of epilepsy, including focal epilepsy, generalised epilepsy, and combined generalised and focal epilepsy. Doctors will investigate the types of seizures that are experienced and what has caused them to help them to classify the type of epilepsy.<\/p><p>In some seizures people remain alert, while others can cause loss of awareness. They may cause shaking and jerking or give people unusual sensations.\u00a0The main seizure types and their symptoms are covered in detail in the symptoms section below.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e474b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82e474b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How many people have epilepsy?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2961615 lista_1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2961615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological (meaning it affects the nervous system) conditions in the world.<\/p><p>Around 50 million people worldwide have the condition, however, it is estimated that up to 70% of people with epilepsy could live seizure-free with the correct diagnosis and treatment.<\/p><p>In the UK, there are more than 600,000 people living with the epilepsy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47d9075 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47d9075\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symptoms<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a00ec2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a00ec2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Epilepsy can come on quite suddenly and can start at any age. Anyone can have a single epileptic seizure, and this does not necessarily mean you have epilepsy. Often, epilepsy is a life-long condition but can sometimes improve over time.<\/p><p>The main symptom of epilepsy is epileptic seizures. These are caused by sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain which disrupt the function of the brain and mix up its usual messaging. Depending on which part of the brain is involved, seizures can affect people in different ways.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a476d2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a476d2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the symptoms of epilepsy?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32c43aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"32c43aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main symptom of epilepsy is recurrent seizures \u2013 these are often unpredictable and episodic, which means that they come and go. However, many people find it helpful to keep track of what happens before each seizure to help them build up a better understanding of any warning signs that are typical for them.<\/p><p>Most people with epilepsy have seizures that last for a short time (less than five minutes) and stop by themselves. But sometimes, a seizure can last longer than five minutes, or multiple seizures can happen with no recovery time in between. This is known as \u2018status epilepticus\u2019 and emergency assistance and\/or medication may be required to end the seizure as quickly as possible. Make sure you call an ambulance if someone has a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes.<\/p><p>Seizures are categorised into focal, which start in one side of the brain, and generalised, which involve both sides of the brain from the start.<\/p><h4><strong>Focal seizures<\/strong><\/h4><p>Focal seizures are generally brief, lasting less than two minutes.<\/p><ul><li><strong>Focal aware seizures<\/strong>\u2013 during these seizures, the person will not lose consciousness and will be aware that something is happening. Symptoms differ depending on the area of the brain that is affected. They can include a feeling of numbness or tingling, visual disturbances (such as flashing lights) and getting an unusual taste or smell.<\/li><li><strong>Focal impaired awareness seizures<\/strong>\u2013 these seizures affect a larger part of one side of the brain than focal aware seizures, so during these seizures your awareness or consciousness is affected.\u00a0Your body tends to make involuntary movements, such as lip smacking, arm waving and making random noises.<\/li><\/ul><h4><strong>Generalised seizures<\/strong><\/h4><ul><li><strong>Tonic-clonic seizures<\/strong>\u2013 these are the seizures that are typically associated with epilepsy. They have two phases, typically lasting for just a few minutes in total. The first is the \u2018tonic\u2019 phase, when you lose consciousness, go stiff and fall to the floor. In the second (\u2018clonic\u2019) stage, the limbs will jerk repeatedly, and breathing may be affected, which can cause a blue tinge around the mouth. Sometimes you may bite your tongue or lose control of your bladder and bowels.<\/li><li><strong>Absence seizures<\/strong>\u2013 this type of seizure usually lasts for up to 15 seconds and mainly affects children. It is where you lose awareness of your surroundings for a short time. Symptoms include fluttering eyelids, slight jerks in the body and staring into space as if in a daydream.<\/li><li><strong>Myoclonic seizures<\/strong>\u2013 these seizures are very short, lasting only for a fraction of a second, so consciousness is not generally affected. They cause sudden jerks or twitches that can affect some or all of your body. Myoclonic seizures can be mild or more forceful, like an electric shock.<\/li><li><strong>Tonic seizures<\/strong>\u2013 these usually occur while asleep and involve most of the brain. Depending on where in the brain the seizure starts, the muscles in one area of your body or in your entire body will tighten, making your body go stiff. If it happens when you are standing up, you might fall to the floor. These are short and generally last for less than 20 seconds.<\/li><li><strong>Atonic seizures<\/strong>\u2013 these only last for a few seconds, but they have a strong effect as they cause all the muscles to go limp. This can cause you to fall to the floor, or your head to drop forwards.<\/li><li><strong>Clonic seizures\u00a0<\/strong>\u2013 these typically only last a few minutes and may cause a loss of consciousness. They cause repeated, jerking body movement.<\/li><\/ul><p>Focal aware seizures are sometimes called \u2018auras\u2019 and are often seen as a warning that another type of seizure is going to happen. These can involve a feeling of d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu (feeling like you\u2019ve been here before), suddenly feeling intense fear or joy, tingling in the arms and legs, stiffness or twitching in the body, unusual tastes or smells and a \u2018rising\u2019 sensation in the tummy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50d74f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50d74f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes and risk factors<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-818386b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"818386b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The causes of epilepsy are complex and not always easy to identify, in up to 50% of people the cause is unknown. It could be a result of a person\u2019s genetics, a structural change in the brain or other comorbidities such as brain tumours and infectious diseases, such as meningitis and viral encephalitis. Certain events can also make epileptic seizures more likely, such as lack of oxygen to the brain, or brain injury from an accident or a stroke.<\/p><p>Seizures can come on randomly, but many people find that certain factors can trigger them, including lack of sleep, stress, medication, drugs or alcohol, waking up, menstruation and flashing or flickering lights.\u00a0These factors do not cause epilepsy in themselves, but they are common triggers of epileptic seizures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8a4e6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b8a4e6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diagnosis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36ebd9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36ebd9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>People who are diagnosed with epilepsy tend to experience repeated seizures. Having a single seizure doesn\u2019t mean you have epilepsy, however, if you have experienced a seizure ensure that you talk to your GP or primary care giver straight away so that they can begin exploring the cause.<\/p><p>First, doctors will look to determine whether the seizures you are experiencing are starting in the brain or not. Other types of seizures, such as those caused by low blood sugar or heart problems, are not associated with epilepsy.<\/p><p>If they believe it may be epilepsy, you will usually be referred to a neurologist, which is a doctor who specialises in conditions affecting the brain and nerves.<\/p><p>There is no single test to diagnose epilepsy, so it can be a lengthy process while doctors look at a range of information to find out what\u2019s causing the seizures. Often, the symptoms can appear similar to other conditions like panic attacks, migraines or fainting, so any specific information you can provide about your seizures will be helpful.<\/p><p>Once your doctor has a clearer picture of the seizures you\u2019re experiencing, they may suggest some tests. These will help them to gather more information for a diagnosis and to rule out other causes, but the tests can\u2019t confirm or dismiss epilepsy on their own.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2719e14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2719e14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Treatment<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f43c9e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f43c9e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you have been diagnosed with epilepsy there are a range of treatments available including medication, surgery and stimulation treatments. While epilepsy cannot generally be cured, with the right treatment many people are able to keep seizures under control or even stop them altogether.<\/p><p>Treatment plans are tailored to the individual and depend on their age, the type of seizures they experience and any other medical conditions they may have. You may be asked to keep a seizure diary to give doctors a better picture of your seizures and help them recommend the best course of treatment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c62c16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c62c16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>NXUK\/2025\/08 | March 2026<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a96a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"39a96a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c32251\" data-id=\"8c32251\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aba56f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"aba56f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e56284 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e56284\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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