{"id":3622,"date":"2021-03-11T11:57:45","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T11:57:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuraxpharm.com\/v2\/?page_id=3622"},"modified":"2023-05-24T11:50:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T11:50:23","slug":"roztrousena-skleroza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.neuraxpharm.com\/cz\/poruchy\/roztrousena-skleroza","title":{"rendered":"Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tV T\u00c9TO \u010c\u00c1STI\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alzheimerova choroba<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prvn\u00edch 10 p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f Alzheimerovy choroby<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Alzheimerova choroba<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Je Alzheimerova choroba d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1?<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Epilepsie<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed epilepsie ostatn\u00edm: jak vysv\u011btl\u00edm epilepsii sv\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti?<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tV T\u00c9TO \u010c\u00c1STI\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Neuraxpharm <\/a><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za (RS) je neurologick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postihuj\u00edc\u00ed nervy mozku a m\u00edchy. Zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed myelinov\u00e9 pochvy, ochrann\u00e9ho povlaku kolem nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Zjist\u011bte v\u00edce o p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, rizikov\u00fdch faktorech a o tom, jak je diagnostikov\u00e1na a l\u00e9\u010dena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za (RS)?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za (RS) je chronick\u00fd (dlouhodob\u00fd) stav, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobuje po\u0161kozen\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v\u010detn\u011b nerv\u016f mozku, m\u00edchy a zrakov\u00fdch nerv\u016f. U roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m napad\u00e1 myelinovou pochvu (ochrann\u00fd povlak kolem nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken). Toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed nerv\u016f p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed tok zpr\u00e1v z centr\u00e1ln\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1tu t\u011blesn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed. RS zp\u016fsobuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, jako je \u00fanava, pot\u00ed\u017ee s ch\u016fz\u00ed, probl\u00e9my se zrakem a probl\u00e9my s my\u0161len\u00edm a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed typy RS?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy RS. Jsou pojmenov\u00e1ny podle toho, jak ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed organismus v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu:<\/p>

Relabuj\u00edc\u00ed-remituj\u00edc\u00ed roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 skler\u00f3za (RRRS):<\/strong> v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed s diagn\u00f3zou RS (85\u00a0%) m\u00e1 relabuj\u00edc\u00ed-remituj\u00edc\u00ed roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu (RRRS) a prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky onemocn\u011bn\u00ed poci\u0165uj\u00ed ji\u017e ve v\u011bku 20 let[1]<\/sup>. Osoba s RRRS bude m\u00edt obdob\u00ed, kdy st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nebo nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky agresivn\u011b vzplanou; takov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed je zn\u00e1mo jako relaps, vzplanut\u00ed, nebo exacerbace. K relaps\u016fm \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed bez jak\u00e9hokoli varov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee mohou souviset se stresem nebo k nim m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt po nemoci. Obvykle trvaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nebo t\u00fddn\u016f a symptomy se pak b\u011bhem podobn\u00e9ho \u010dasu pomalu zlep\u0161uj\u00ed. Obdob\u00ed mezi z\u00e1chvaty, kdy p\u0159\u00edznaky zmiz\u00ed, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 remise. V t\u011bchto obdob\u00edch je v\u0161ak RS st\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed nerv\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat. Po stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy, bude m\u00edt osoba s RS obvykle \u010das od \u010dasu relapsy, po nich\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed t\u00fddny, m\u011bs\u00edce nebo dokonce roky remise.<\/p>

Sekund\u00e1rn\u011b progresivn\u00ed RS (SPRS):<\/strong> pokud neprob\u00edh\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba, je a\u017e 80\u00a0% lid\u00ed s RRRS ohro\u017eeno rozvojem SPRS, nicm\u00e9n\u011b s l\u00e9\u010dbou je toto \u010d\u00edslo mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed[2]<\/sup>. D\u011bje se to pomalu, obvykle po dobu 10\u201315 let. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi se star\u00fd vzorec relaps\u016f n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd obdob\u00edmi remise obvykle zastav\u00ed. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt st\u00e1le relapsy, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se pot\u00e9 \u00fapln\u011b nezotav\u00ed a budou trp\u011bt n\u011bkter\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. U SPRS se p\u0159\u00edznaky postupn\u011b zhor\u0161uj\u00ed. SPRS se obvykle vyv\u00edj\u00ed z RRRS, i kdy\u017e u mal\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lid\u00ed je SPRS diagnostikov\u00e1na hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/p>

Prim\u00e1rn\u011b progresivn\u00ed RS (PPRS):<\/strong> p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15\u201320\u00a0% lid\u00ed s RS m\u00e1 PPRS[3]<\/sup>. P\u0159\u00edznaky se postupem \u010dasu zhor\u0161uj\u00ed, ne\u017e aby se objevovaly jako relapsy. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se \u201eprim\u00e1rn\u011b progresivn\u00ed\u201c proto, proto\u017ee progreduje od prvn\u00edch (prim\u00e1rn\u00edch) p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 remise, ale mohou existovat dlouh\u00e1 obdob\u00ed, kdy se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se stav stabilizuje, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kolik lid\u00ed trp\u00ed roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zou?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Odhaduje se, \u017ee na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b je 2,1\u20132,2 milionu lid\u00ed s RS[4]<\/sup>,[5]<\/sup> a tento stav je asi dvakr\u00e1t a\u017e t\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u \u017een ne\u017e u mu\u017e\u016f[6]<\/sup>,[7]<\/sup>.<\/p>

Podle Evropsk\u00e9 platformy pro roztrou\u0161enou skler\u00f3zu m\u00e1 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b RS v\u00edce ne\u017e 700 000 lid\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden milion lid\u00ed v cel\u00e9 EU je posti\u017een RS prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jejich role pe\u010dovatel\u016f a rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f[8]<\/sup>.<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159\u00edznaky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ka\u017ed\u00fd pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 RS jinak. Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou li\u0161it od \u010dlov\u011bka k \u010dlov\u011bku a postihuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti organismu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edznaky RS?\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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RS m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd typick\u00fd vzorec, kter\u00fd by se vztahoval na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. \u010casn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edznak jedn\u00e9 osoby nemus\u00ed n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd nikdy za\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>

Obecn\u011b jsou v\u0161ak n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f:\u00a0<\/p>