{"id":3599,"date":"2021-03-11T11:53:03","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T11:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neuraxpharm.com\/v2\/?page_id=3599"},"modified":"2022-12-13T10:34:38","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T10:34:38","slug":"spanek-a-relaxace","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.neuraxpharm.com\/cz\/zdravi-a-wellness\/spanek-a-relaxace","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00e1nek a relaxace"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
Du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Stres<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t V\u0161ichni sp\u00edme\u2009\u2013 ale pro\u010d je to nutn\u00e9, a co se stane, kdy\u017e m\u00e1me probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem? \u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1l a dozv\u00edte se, pro\u010d je kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro va\u0161e celkov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Sp\u00e1nek je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pot\u0159eba, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 regenera\u010dn\u00ed funkci. Kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek je pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u011b nezbytn\u00fd jako j\u00eddlo a voda.<\/p> Celkov\u011b str\u00e1v\u00edme sp\u00e1nkem nebo pokusy o usnut\u00ed asi jednu t\u0159etinu sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00fd pr\u016fkopn\u00edk v\u00fdzkumu sp\u00e1nku Allan Rechtschaffen: \u201ePokud sp\u00e1nek neslou\u017e\u00ed absolutn\u011b \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkci, je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chyba, kter\u00e9 se kdy evoluce dopustila.\u201c<\/p> B\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku tk\u00e1\u0148 roste, regeneruje a tak\u00e9 je posilov\u00e1n imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Beze sp\u00e1nku nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 v mozku vytv\u00e1\u0159et a udr\u017eovat dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky. Nedostatek sp\u00e1nku znesnad\u0148uje soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00e1 vliv na bd\u011blost a reak\u010dn\u00ed dobu.<\/p> Sp\u00e1nek pot\u0159ebuje ka\u017ed\u00fd. V\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee chronick\u00fd nedostatek sp\u00e1nku nebo trvale nekvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku, srde\u010dn\u00edch chorob, cukrovky, deprese a obezity[1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t D\u00edky kvalitn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku se budete c\u00edtit odpo\u010dat\u00ed a p\u0159ipraveni na den a \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s \u010dekaj\u00ed.<\/p> Abyste \u201ekvalitn\u011b\u201c spali, mus\u00edte se dostat do f\u00e1ze sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cyklu zvan\u00e9 REM (Rapid Eye Movement), \u010desky do f\u00e1ze rychl\u00e9ho pohybu o\u010d\u00ed. Je to jeden ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typ\u016f sp\u00e1nku, druh\u00fd je non-REM sp\u00e1nek. Oba, REM i non-REM sp\u00e1nek, jsou spojeny se specifick\u00fdmi mozkov\u00fdmi vlnami a aktivitou neuron\u016f.<\/p> B\u011bhem typick\u00e9 noci projdete v\u0161emi f\u00e1zemi non-REM a REM sp\u00e1nku n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t. Kvalitn\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek se obvykle skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 nebo p\u011bti cykl\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 minut. Abyste se po probuzen\u00ed c\u00edtili odpo\u010dat\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 proj\u00edt v\u0161emi \u010dty\u0159mi f\u00e1zemi \u2013 t\u0159emi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi non-REM f\u00e1zemi sp\u00e1nku plus REM sp\u00e1nkem.<\/p> Kdy\u017e usnete, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k z\u00e1\u0161kub\u016fm t\u011bla nebo cuk\u00e1n\u00ed; to je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee organizmus vstupuje do st\u00e1dia velmi lehk\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku, ze kter\u00e9ho se m\u016f\u017eete snadno probudit.<\/p> Druhou f\u00e1z\u00ed non-REM sp\u00e1nku je op\u011bt lehk\u00fd sp\u00e1nek, proto\u017ee organizmus se p\u0159ipravuje na hlub\u0161\u00ed sp\u00e1nek, ke kter\u00e9mu dojde ve t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi. Ve t\u0159et\u00ed f\u00e1zi sp\u00e1nku je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 n\u011bkoho probudit; pokud jste v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi hlubok\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku probuzeni, m\u016f\u017eete se c\u00edtit dezorientovan\u00ed a trochu om\u00e1men\u00ed. Sp\u00e1nek v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi t\u011blo nejv\u00edce regeneruje.<\/p> Jakmile projdete t\u0159emi f\u00e1zemi non-REM sp\u00e1nku, vstoup\u00edte do REM sp\u00e1nku, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho je mozek aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho cyklu se zdaj\u00ed sny. REM sp\u00e1nek je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro du\u0161evn\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj.<\/p> Zat\u00edmco sp\u00edte, v\u00e1\u0161 mozek a t\u011blo tvrd\u011b pracuj\u00ed. V\u00e1\u0161 mozek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ud\u00e1losti ze dne, zat\u00edmco t\u011blo uvol\u0148uje \u0159adu r\u016fzn\u00fdch hormon\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b r\u016fstov\u00e9ho hormonu z hypof\u00fdzy, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 t\u011blu v regenera\u010dn\u00edch procesech.<\/p> Sp\u00e1nek umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edd\u00ed reakci \u201e\u00fat\u011bk nebo boj\u201c, relaxovat a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148uje imunitn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu uvol\u0148ovat jednoduch\u00e9 proteiny, kter\u00e9 t\u011blu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed bojovat se z\u00e1n\u011btem nebo infekc\u00ed. Mozek tak\u00e9 uvol\u0148uje hormon, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje ve sp\u00e1nku pot\u0159ebu j\u00edt\u00a0na toaletu .<\/span><\/p> Tak\u017ee zat\u00edmco vy v noci klidn\u011b sp\u00edte, va\u0161e t\u011blo pracuje na tom, abyste byli zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se v\u00e1m n\u011bkdy \u0161patn\u011b sp\u00ed. Stres a starosti mohou v\u00e9st k pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm s us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm, zat\u00edmco nemoc, nebo \u00fazkost mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou neklidu v pr\u016fb\u011bhu noci. Tak\u00e9 zm\u011bny v \u017eivotn\u00ed situaci \u2013 nap\u0159. p\u00e9\u010de o novorozence \u2013 mohou v\u00e9st ke \u0161patn\u00e9mu sp\u00e1nku. Tyto p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny b\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 a m\u011bly by se po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b samy vy\u0159e\u0161it. Pit\u00ed kofeinu nebo alkoholu p\u0159ed span\u00edm nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed elektroniky v posteli m\u016f\u017ee rovn\u011b\u017e ovliv\u0148ovat kvalitu sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n Pokud se probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem objevuj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji, m\u016f\u017ee to za\u010d\u00edt ovliv\u0148ovat dal\u0161\u00ed oblasti \u017eivota, tak\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u010dinnosti jsou mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Nedostatek kvalitn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dopad na n\u00e1ladu a v\u00e9st k pocit\u016fm podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnosti, a stejn\u011b tak ovliv\u0148ovat koncentraci a bd\u011blost. Pokud se pravideln\u011b probouz\u00edte s pocitem \u00fanavy a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 to naru\u0161ovat v\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a celkov\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, je vhodn\u00e9 zkusit zm\u011bnit re\u017eim p\u0159ed ulehnut\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Pot\u0159eba sp\u00e1nku se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota a mezi jednotlivci li\u0161\u00ed. Mal\u00e9 d\u011bti prosp\u00ed hodn\u011b \u010dasu, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba sp\u00e1nku, kterou pot\u0159ebuje dosp\u011bl\u00fd, je kolem osmi hodin za noc. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c d\u00e9lka sp\u00e1nku v\u0161ak neexistuje; jde o to, co je pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka p\u0159irozen\u00e9.<\/p> K probl\u00e9m\u016fm se sp\u00e1nkem mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed na sm\u011bny, proto\u017ee pracovn\u00ed rozvrh p\u0159eru\u0161uje p\u0159irozen\u00fd cyklus bd\u011bn\u00ed a sp\u00e1nku. Pracovn\u00edci ve sm\u011bnn\u00e9m provozu mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k nespavosti.<\/p> Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee sp\u00e1nek je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed lidskou pot\u0159ebou, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 pro na\u0161e spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed, je pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby znal svou norm\u00e1ln\u00ed dobu sp\u00e1nku a sna\u017eil se dodr\u017eovat kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek lze zajistit mnoha zp\u016fsoby. Z\u00e1kladem je m\u00edt p\u0159ed span\u00edm\u00a0pravideln\u00fd re\u017eim. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m sp\u00edte \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad tich\u00fd a tmav\u00fd pokoj \u2013 a tak\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed span\u00edm. Tato opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou zn\u00e1ma jako \u201esp\u00e1nkov\u00e1 hygiena\u201c a mohou ovlivnit p\u0159edpoklady na klidnou noc a kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek.<\/span><\/p> Kl\u00ed\u010dem ke kvalitn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku je produkce p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho hormonu melatoninu, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 kontrolovat sp\u00e1nkov\u00fd re\u017eim. Je produkov\u00e1n v dob\u011b, kdy je tma a podporuje sp\u00e1nek. Potravinov\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky s melatoninem mohou pomoci zkr\u00e1tit dobu pot\u0159ebnou k usnut\u00ed a zm\u00edrnit subjektivn\u00ed pocity \u00fanavy.<\/p> P\u0159ed span\u00edm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout alkoholu, kofeinu a cvi\u010den\u00ed a omezit \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd u obrazovky. D\u00edvat se na obrazovky mobil\u016f nebo tablet\u016f v posteli se nedoporu\u010duje, proto\u017ee produkuj\u00ed modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee toto sv\u011btlo ovliv\u0148uje schopnost usnout t\u00edm, \u017ee blokuje produkci melatoninu.<\/p> P\u0159irozen\u00e9 a um\u011bl\u00e9 modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo m\u016f\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovat bd\u011blost; p\u0159edstavte si, jak se c\u00edt\u00edte nabit\u00ed energi\u00ed na jasn\u00e9m slunci. Expozice ve\u0161ker\u00e9mu sv\u011btlu ovliv\u0148uje p\u0159irozen\u00fd cyklus sp\u00e1nku a bd\u011bn\u00ed, ale p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 modr\u00e9ho sv\u011btla m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se t\u011blo uvolnilo ke sp\u00e1nku. Doporu\u010duje se nepou\u017e\u00edvat za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s obrazovkou dv\u011b hodiny p\u0159ed span\u00edm; pokud to nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm by mohly b\u00fdt br\u00fdle, kter\u00e9 blokuj\u00ed modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, nebo p\u0159epnut\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do \u201eno\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu\u201c.<\/p> Pro efektivn\u00ed sp\u00e1nkovou hygienu existuje spousta dal\u0161\u00edch tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed podpo\u0159it stav uvoln\u011bn\u00ed a klidu p\u0159ed sp\u00e1n\u00edm. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nim:<\/p> Ve spojen\u00ed s praktikami sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 hygieny lze tak\u00e9 k podpo\u0159e relaxace a klidn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku pou\u017e\u00edt n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bylinn\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Studi\u00ed o sp\u00e1nku bylo provedeno mnoho, v\u010detn\u011b dopadu nedostatku sp\u00e1nku na zdrav\u00ed a toho, jak sp\u00e1nek ovliv\u0148uje psychick\u00e9 a neurologick\u00e9 funkce, jako je pam\u011b\u0165.<\/p> Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159il na to, jak n\u00e1\u0161 sp\u00e1nek ovlivnila pandemie COVID-19. V\u00fdzkum publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise The Lancet upozornil na n\u011bkter\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed poruch sp\u00e1nku v souvislosti s COVID-19[2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t [1]<\/sup> Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. Extent and health consequences of chronic sleep loss and sleep disorders. In: Colten HR, Altevogt BM, eds. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: an Unmet Public Health Problem. <\/em>National Academies Press (US); 2006: 55-136.<\/p> [2]<\/sup> Partinen M. Sleep research in 2020: COVID-19-related sleep disorders. Lancet Neurol<\/em>. 2021;20(1):15-17. doi:10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30456-7<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\tDu\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a pocit pohody b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19: N\u00e1sledky a rady<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Pro\u010d je du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Dev\u011bt rad, jak sni\u017eovat a zvl\u00e1dat stres<\/a><\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tV T\u00c9TO \u010c\u00c1STI\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
Co je sp\u00e1nek?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Co je kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u0161patn\u00e9ho sp\u00e1nku<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Na co si d\u00e1t pozor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Koho ohro\u017euj\u00ed probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Co m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat pro kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat...<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat...<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a pocit pohody b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19: N\u00e1sledky a rady<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t